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Many psychologists claim that insomnia is a mental disease developed by strong thinking patterns which trick the victims mind into believing that sleep is hard to achieve. Some others believe that insomnia is a real disease where a person cannot achieve a state of sleep due to many reasons, including and not limited to, too much caffeine consumption, anxiety and stress disorders, extreme excitement and or depression.

Psychologists who support the idea that insomnia is just a mental disease is due to the fact that over ninety percent of insomniacs can be put to deep sleep using hypnosis techniques by slowing down the brain activity. In some recorded cases of insomnia, it was noted that due to high brain activity a person was not able to sleep even when drugs used to induce sleep were used. Only when the brain activity was slowed down using hypnosis, were the insomniacs able to sleep. Another important fact used to argue that insomnia is merely a mental disorder is due to popular beliefs that caffeine and other such stimulating chemicals, increase brain activity.

It is believed that people become insomniacs through a simple process which becomes habitual leading to insomnia. To further explain this, when someone has increased brain activity, they cannot sleep. They soon begin fearing that they will not be able to go to sleep in time to get up for work in the morning. This fear turns a reality and in the morning they drink coffee and tea which contains high concentrations of caffeine to remain active during the day. The high concentrations of caffeine prevent the person from falling asleep. Night comes and this turns into a habitual process that goes on and on every night.

Some others claim that insomnia is a direct result of patients suffering from anxiety, depression and stress. These create restlessness during the night time, and victims are unable to sleep. So in order to treat insomnia, the patient must first be treated with his other illnesses that lead to insomnia.

What ever it may be insomnia can be cured, and it is not an illness that can have serious health defects, unless a person begins resorting to drugs to induce sleep, which takes insomnia to a whole new level. Nevertheless, you should check with an expert if you fear that you have developed this bad habit.

Jason Rickard is the owner of Your Favourite Shop - http://www.yourfavouriteshop.com - Offering White Noise and Relaxation CDs - Visit Hapa Health - http://www.hapahapa.com for more articles.Hypnotherapy Roger Allen Review
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We all have our favorite oxymorons - act natural, original copy, jumbo shrimp and the list goes on. With all the spam and misinformation surrounding the weight loss supplement Hoodia, I have been asked if "authentic Hoodia" should be added to the list of Oxymorons. It often does feel like "authentic Hoodia" is an apt Oxymoron, however, the secret that most of the supplement industry does not want you to know is that there are lab tests that can be done to find authentic Hoodia.

In case you have a terrific spam filter - here is the 411 on Hoodia. Hoodia Gordonii is a succulent plant that grows in South Africa. The SAN Bushmen have chewed on Hoodia for close to 1,000 years to reduce their appetite while on long hunting trips. Hoodia is now a highly sought after plant for it ability to suppress appetite. In fact, Hoodia Gordonii is in such high demand it is considered a protected plant and can only be exported with a special permit from the government of South Africa (a CITES permit).

To start, you should always ask to see the CITES Permit for any Hoodia you are looking to buy. However, the fact that a company can produce a document is no guarantee that that document applies to what you are buying from the company. For example, a company may have a valid CITES permit for 50 Kilos of Hoodia Gordonii from South Africa from 2005. The question then becomes, was the supplement you are about to buy actually made from the Hoodia bought under CITES permit in 2005? You really have no way of knowing if you just rely on the CITES or any other import documentation. These documents, if authentic, simply tell you the company you are dealing with has imported real Hoodia Gordonii at some point. These documents do not help you determine if the supplement you are buying from the company is real Hoodia Gordonii.

If you want to determine what is in a capsule of a supplement marketed as Hoodia Gordonii, you need to have the supplement lab tested. Okay, but what does lab tested really mean? When dealing with botanicals, such as Hoodia, there are three lab tests that can help determine the authenticity of a supplement.

Microscopy

In this test the sample of Hoodia is examined under a microscope (usually at 400x magnification). A well trained technician examines the cellular structure of the sample and looks for patterns that match the know cellular structure of Hoodia Gordonii. For example, it is known that pure Hoodia Gordonii has long fibers with whirled striations so this something a technician would try to find when examining a sample.

It is important to note that even if the Hoodia Gordonii plant has been dried, crushed, powdered and processed - the cellular structure should still be intact. So, an authentic finished Hoodia Gordonii supplement should still show the cellular structure of Hoodia when examined in a Microscopy test.

High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)

The American Heritage Dictionary defines Chromatography as:

"Any of various techniques for the separation of complex mixtures that rely on the differential affinities of substances for a gas or liquid mobile medium and for a stationary adsorbing medium through which they pass, such as paper, gelatin, or magnesia."

If you are like us - the above definition just leaves you scratching your head. In layman's terms - chromatography is a process used to separate samples by the levels of absorbency of the sample.

High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) is the specific type of Chromatography used to test for Hoodia Gordonii in a sample. With HPTLC first a know reference sample of Hoodia Gordonii is tested. This produces a plate with varying colors for separation over time.

While the technical data gets beyond the scope of this article, the idea is that the HPTLC provides a fingerprint of what authentic Hoodia Gordonii looks like when separated under HPTLC. To confirm that a Hoodia supplement is really Hoodia, an HPTLC test is done to see if the Hoodia in question matches the fingerprint of the known Hoodia Gordonii.

What is interesting with HPTLC is you do not need to know what components make up the Hoodia Gordonii plant. The above test says nothing about what the analytes are in Hoodia Gordonii - but it does provide a fingerprint of how Hoodia Gordonii reacts in chromatography.

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

HPLC is another form of Chromatography that is often used in analytical chemistry to identify analytes in a sample. In HPLC the sample is injected through a liquid and the response time of certain components of the sample are measured.

HPLC tests are used to detect the presence of P57 in a sample. P57 is an active ingredient in Hoodia, so if a test shows that a sample has P57 you can be confident that the sample is Hoodia Gordonii.

It is important to note that the current state of Hoodia testing using HPLC is qualitative NOT quantitative. This means that the HPLC is useful in determining if P57 is present in a sample, but it is not accurate enough to determine the quantity of P57 in a sample.

The Whole is Greater than the Sum of the Parts

You might be wondering - why do you need to do 3 tests for Hoodia Gordonii? The reason is no one test is 100% accurate - there is always the chance for false positives and false negatives. However, when you apply 3 different tests to a sample and they all come back positive for Hoodia Gordonii, it greatly reduces the odds of a test error.

Conclusions

If you want to be sure the Hoodia Gordonii supplement you are buying is authentic, make sure you see the results of the three lab tests described above. You also want to make sure that the lab tests were done on the exact LOT Number of finished product that you are buying.

What lab should do the testing? In our experience, Alkemists Labs has the experience and expertise to most accurately complete the above tests.

Dan Nessel is a writer and researcher for Hoodia-Advice.Org. Mr. Nessel has spent the last 10 years writing and researching dietary supplements for various online publications. Hoodia-Advice.Org specializes in presenting unbiased research and information on Hoodia Gordonii.Dental Clinic Greensboro North Carolina
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